Hasymi, Muhammad Alhasymi Matondang, Muhammad Abdi, Fahmi Apriyansyah Siregar, Runggu Sihombing, Jonathan Brando Saragi, and Nadia Enjel Lina Silalahi. “The Effect of Life Expectancy, Open Unemployment Rate, and Government Spending in The Education Sector on The Human Development Index in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia”. Outline Journal of Economic Studies 4, no. 2 (June 23, 2025): 124–130. Accessed September 14, 2025. https://journal.outlinepublisher.com/index.php/OJES/article/view/451.