Outline Journal of Economic Studies
type: channel
description: Outline Journal of Economic Studies (E-ISSN: 2963-8364) is published by Outline Publishers. The journal is published twice a year. The editorial accepts general articles covering the economy both nationally and internationally where no other media has ever published. The preferred writing is the result of field research or literature study. The evaluation process of submitted papers is entirely dependent on the "Blind Review" appointed by the editor-in-chief according to the reviewer's expertise.
publisher: Outline Publisher
language: en
publication name: Outline Journal of Economic Studies
issn: 2963-8364
items: Marketing Strategy and Economic Analysis in Increasing Company Profitability
items: Analysis of Digitization of Zakat, Infaq, and Sadaqah in Alleviating Poverty in the Community at Baznas Medan City
items: Determinants of Social Security Participation in the Informal Sector: The Role of the Human Development Index and Regional Infrastructure
items: The Role of MSMEs in Driving the Regional Economy: A Case Study of Medan City
items: Optimizing the Financial Performance of Family Businesses in Indonesia: The Role of Good Corporate Governance and Sustainable Economic Growth
items: Financial Performance Analysis of Share Prices in Banking Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2020-2023 period
items: The Influence of Microeconomic-Based Pricing on Marketing Strategy and Consumer Behavior in a Perfectly Competitive Market
items: The Effect Of Operating Costs And Capital Structure On Corporate Income Tax Expense Payable In Mining Sub-Sector Companies Listed On The Indonesia Stock Exchange
items: Effectiveness of Using Economic Analysis in Managing Digital Marketing Campaigns: A Study in the Service Industry
items: Financial Report Analysis in Predicting Bankruptcy Using the Springate Method (S-Score) in Mining Companies Listed on the IDX
items: The Effect of Life Expectancy, Open Unemployment Rate, and Government Spending in The Education Sector on The Human Development Index in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia
items: The Impact of Digitalization of Payment Systems on Inflation Stability in Indonesia
items: Multiple Correlation Analysis of the Number of E-Commerce Entrepreneurs, Digital Literacy, and GDP per Capita on E-Commerce Transaction Value in Indonesia in 2020–2023
items: Economic Growth and Income Inequality in Indonesia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Two Decades of Research
items: The Role of Digital Transformation, Human Resources, and Marketing on Economic Growth in the Digital Industrial Era: A Bibliometric Analysis in Indonesia Over 1 Decade
items: Analysis of Marketing Management Strategy and Economic Factors on MSME Sales Growth: Multiple Regression Analysis
items: Contribution of Demographic Bonus and HDI to Regional Economic Growth: North Sumatra Perspective
items: The Role of MSMEs In Reducing Unemployment Rate: Case Study in Langkat District
items: Analisis Faktor – Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka di Provinsi Jawa Barat
items: Analysis of Determining the Leading Sectors of the Regional Economy of Labuhan Batu Regency: LQ and Shift Share Approach
items: Analysis of Leading Sectors in Central Tapanuli Regency Using Shift Share and Location Quotient Methods
items: Analysis of the competitiveness of the agricultural sector to the leading sector in Tebing Tinggi City
items: Analysis Analysis of Leading Sectors in Binjai City Using the Location Quotient (LQ) And Shift Share Method
items: MSME Company Performance Model: The Role of Financial Resources and Entrepreneurial Orientation
items: Analysis Of The Influence Of GRDP, Work Force And Total Population On Poverty Of North Sumatra Province, 2001-2020
items: The Effect of Investment, Poor Resident, and International Tourists on Gross Regional Domestic Product In North Sumatera in 2001-2020
items: The Effect of Population Growth and Income Inequality on Poverty: Indonesian Case Study in the Development Context
items: The Relationship between HR Quality and Unemployment and Its Effect on Poverty Levels in North Sumatra 2005-2020
items: Analysis of Factors Affecting Poverty in North Sumatra
items: The Effect of Economic Growth, Open Unemployment Rate And Human Development Index on Poverty on North Sumatera

Marketing Strategy and Economic Analysis in Increasing Company Profitability
type: item
description: Purpose: This study aims to analyze the influence of brand image, distribution channels, market demand, and government policies on company profitability, focusing on how marketing-related factors and external policy environments contribute to financial performance in Indonesian manufacturing companies. Methods: A quantitative research approach using multiple linear regression analysis was employed. Data were collected from 80 respondents, including marketing and finance managers in manufacturing companies across Indonesia. The data were analyzed using SPSS with partial (t-test) and simultaneous (F-test) significance tests. Results: The regression analysis results show that brand image, distribution channels, market demand, and government policies each have a positive and significant effect on company profitability. Simultaneously, these four variables also jointly significantly impact profitability, indicating that a combination of internal marketing strengths and supportive external policies leads to better financial outcomes. Conclusions: This study concludes that brand image, distribution channels, market demand, and government policies are crucial for increasing corporate profitability. Internal marketing factors and external policies should be managed synergistically to achieve sustainable growth. Companies are encouraged to strengthen brand equity, optimize distribution networks, and enhance competitiveness. Originality/Value: This research contributes to the literature by integrating marketing and policy perspectives to explain company profitability within Indonesia’s manufacturing sector. It highlights the combined effect of brand strategy, distribution, market dynamics, and government policy, offering valuable insights for managers and policymakers.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Brand Image
  topic: keywords
subject: Distribution Channels
  topic: keywords
subject: Market Demand
  topic: keywords
subject: Government Policy
  topic: keywords
subject: Profitability
  topic: keywords
creator: Ihdina Gustina
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ihdina Gustina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-22
publication date: 2025-10-22
starting page: 32
ending page: 36
doi: 10.61730/bvfrga78

Analysis of Digitization of Zakat, Infaq, and Sadaqah in Alleviating Poverty in the Community at Baznas Medan City
type: item
description: Purpose: This study aimed to develop a deep understanding of the social phenomena related to the digitalization of Zakat, Infaq, and Sadaqah (ZIS) distribution managed by BAZNAS Medan City, focusing on its social implications, such as improving transparency, efficiency, and community empowerment in poverty alleviation efforts. Method: The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, collecting narrative data through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and relevant documentation. The subjects of the study included institutions and individuals directly involved in the management of ZIS, such as administrators, program implementers, and beneficiaries. Purposive sampling was used to select informants who were considered to have the most relevant and insightful information. Data analysis followed the interactive analysis model proposed by Miles and Huberman, consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. To ensure data validity, triangulation techniques involving sources, methods, and time were applied. Results: The findings revealed that the digitalization of ZIS distribution led to positive social implications, contributing to greater transparency, efficiency, and empowerment in the fight against poverty.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Baznas
  topic: keywords
subject: Charity
  topic: keywords
subject: Infaq
  topic: keywords
subject: Poverty
  topic: keywords
subject: Zakat
  topic: keywords
creator: Putri Septiyani
creator: Eli Agustami
creator: Abdul Rahman
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Putri Septiyani, Eli Agustami, Abdul Rahman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-08
publication date: 2025-11-08
starting page: 45
ending page: 54
doi: 10.61730/sxxnx344

Determinants of Social Security Participation in the Informal Sector: The Role of the Human Development Index and Regional Infrastructure
type: item
description: Purpose: This study aims to determine the influence of the Human Development Index and Regional Infrastructure on the Coverage of Employment Social Security Participation in the Informal Sector using sample data from 34 provinces in Indonesia for the 2022-2024 period. Methods: The research method used is a quantitative approach with panel data regression analysis. Result: The analysis results indicate that the Human Development Index and Regional Infrastructure have a positive and significant effect on the coverage of social security participation for informal sector. Conclusions: A high Human Development Index will have a positive impact not only on individual welfare but also on expanding the coverage of employment social security programs. Infrastructure development will also facilitate and broaden access to social security services and enhance an individual's economic capacity to participate. Originality: This research provides a novel contribution by empirically testing and confirming that the variables of the Human Development Index and Regional Infrastructure are determining factors for social security participation in the hard-to-reach informal sector segment. These findings enrich the literature with a structural perspective that offers more integrated policy solutions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: social security
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Development Index
  topic: keywords
subject: regional infrastructure
  topic: keywords
creator: Nugraha Pratama
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nugraha Pratama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-17
publication date: 2025-10-17
starting page: 15
ending page: 23
doi: 10.61730/t6xh6s53

The Role of MSMEs in Driving the Regional Economy: A Case Study of Medan City
type: item
description: Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have become the main driving force of the local economy in Indonesia, including in Medan City. As grassroots economic entities, MSMEs not only contribute significantly to the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), but also play a role in creating jobs, reducing social disparities, and accelerating the process of equitable development. This study is a literature review that aims to examine in depth the role of MSMEs in driving the regional economy in Medan City based on the results of the latest research published in national and international journals. The analysis was conducted on various aspects, such as the economic contribution of MSMEs, structural and policy challenges, the role of digitalization in increasing competitiveness, and the social impact on community welfare. The results of the study indicate that MSMEs in Medan City play a central role in economic development, but still face various obstacles such as access to financing, limited digitalization, and managerial limitations. Therefore, a strengthening strategy based on collaboration between MSME actors, local governments, financial institutions, and local communities is needed. This study provides a conceptual contribution in building a comprehensive understanding of the contribution of MSMEs as an instrument of sustainable regional development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digitalization
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic Inclusion
  topic: keywords
subject: Medan City
  topic: keywords
subject: MSMEs
  topic: keywords
subject: Regional Economy
  topic: keywords
creator: Richna Handriyani
creator: Shintami Oktavia
creator: Evi Syuriani Harahap
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Outline Journal of Economic Studies
date: 2025-07-29
publication date: 2025-07-29
starting page: 164
ending page: 174
doi: 10.61730/n7nggh60

Optimizing the Financial Performance of Family Businesses in Indonesia: The Role of Good Corporate Governance and Sustainable Economic Growth
type: item
description: Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the influence of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) and Sustainable Economic Growth (SGR) on the financial performance of family businesses in Indonesia. The research aims to understand how governance quality and sustainability-oriented growth contribute to improving profitability and long-term performance within family-owned enterprises. Methods: This study employs a quantitative research approach using multiple linear regression analysis. The data were collected from 65 family businesses listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2018–2023 period. Results: The analysis reveals that GCG has a positive and significant effect on financial performance, demonstrating that effective governance enhances company efficiency and profitability. Similarly, SGR also significantly influences financial performance, suggesting that sustainable economic practices-integrating social and environmental considerations-contribute to long-term business success. Together, GCG and SGR explain 50.7% of the variation in the financial performance of family businesses, indicating a strong combined influence of governance and sustainability factors. Conclusions: The findings emphasize the importance of implementing Good Corporate Governance and sustainability-oriented growth strategies in family businesses to ensure both financial success and long-term viability. Originality/value: This study provides new empirical evidence on the dual role of GCG and sustainable economic growth in shaping the financial performance of family businesses in Indonesia-a sector that plays a central role in national economic development. The research contributes to the literature by combining governance and sustainability perspectives, offering insights for business owners, investors, and policymakers in promoting responsible and sustainable family business management.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Financial Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Good Corporate Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Economic Growth
  topic: keywords
creator: Putri Wahyuni
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Putri Wahyuni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-17
publication date: 2025-10-17
starting page: 24
ending page: 31
doi: 10.61730/avwxcr15

Financial Performance Analysis of Share Prices in Banking Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2020-2023 period
type: item
description: This research aims to analyze whether investment decisions, profitability, and capital structure have a positive and significant effect on stock prices in state-owned banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2020–2023 period. The research method used is associative quantitative research with a descriptive approach. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis to test the simultaneous and partial effects of the independent variables on the dependent variable. The sample consists of four state-owned banking companies, namely Bank Negara Indonesia (BBNI), Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BBRI), Bank Tabungan Negara (BBTN), and Bank Mandiri (BMRI), with data collected from quarterly financial reports over the four-year period. The results of the regression analysis show that investment decisions, profitability, and capital structure each have a positive and significant partial effect on stock prices. Furthermore, the simultaneous testing results also confirm that the three financial performance indicators together significantly influence stock price movements. These findings indicate that improved financial decision-making in these areas contributes to enhancing investor confidence, which in turn drives stock prices upward. Therefore, companies need to maintain and strengthen their financial strategies to ensure long-term value creation for shareholders in the capital market.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Investment decisions
  topic: keywords
subject: Profitability
  topic: keywords
subject: Capital structure
  topic: keywords
subject: Stock prices
  topic: keywords
creator: Dinda Putri Syafrila
creator: Maya Syaula
creator: Ramadhan Harapan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Outline Journal of Economic Studies
date: 2025-08-12
publication date: 2025-08-12
starting page: 175
ending page: 184
doi: 10.61730/7hfxp139

The Influence of Microeconomic-Based Pricing on Marketing Strategy and Consumer Behavior in a Perfectly Competitive Market
type: item
description: Pricing is a crucial aspect of microeconomics that has broad implications for marketing strategies and consumer behavior, particularly in a perfectly competitive market structure. This study aims to analyze the influence of microeconomic-based pricing principles on marketing strategies and consumer behavior in a market characterized by multiple sellers, homogeneous products, and transparent pricing information. The research method used is a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The sample in this study consisted of 150 respondents, consisting of business actors and consumers in homogeneous goods sectors, such as food commodities and basic necessities. The analysis results show that pricing has a significant effect on marketing strategies and consumer behavior, both partially and simultaneously. Marketing strategy also acts as a mediating variable that strengthens the relationship between price and consumer behavior. The coefficient of determination value of 53.4% indicates that the independent variables in this study are able to explain more than half of the variation in consumer behavior. This finding emphasizes the importance of price as an economic signal in a perfectly competitive market and the need for integration between price efficiency and marketing strategy to maintain a competitive position. This study provides a practical contribution to business actors in formulating pricing policies that are responsive to market dynamics and oriented towards consumer preferences.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pricing
  topic: keywords
subject: Marketing Strategy
  topic: keywords
subject: Consumer Behavior
  topic: keywords
creator: Andi
creator: Muammar Rinaldi
creator: Muhammad Aldo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Outline Journal of Economic Studies
date: 2025-07-26
publication date: 2025-07-26
starting page: 156
ending page: 163
doi: 10.61730/fg58wn03

The Effect Of Operating Costs And Capital Structure On Corporate Income Tax Expense Payable In Mining Sub-Sector Companies Listed On The Indonesia Stock Exchange
type: item
description: This study aims to determine The Effect of Operational Costs and Capital Structure on Corporate Income Tax Expenses Payable to Mining Sub Sector Companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019. The research methodology used is quantitative descriptive method. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression with regression equations is Corporate Income Tax Expenses Payable = 171.271,097 + 1.317 Operational Costs - 286,053.394 Capital Struktur + e. The results of the research analysis show that Operational Costs have a significant effect on Corporate Income Tax Expenses in Mining Sector Companies. Based on the results of partial hypothesis testing, it has a tcount > ttable with a tcount value of 11,249 < ttable 2,03452 and a significant value < 0.05, with a value of 0.000 > 0.05. The results of the research analysis show that the Capital Structure has no effect and is significant on the Corporate Income Tax Expenses in Mining Sub Sector Companies. Based on the results of partial hypothesis testing, it has a tcount < ttable with a tcount value of -2.906 < ttable 2,03452 and a significant value < 0.05 with a value of 0.007 < 0.05. The results of the research analysis show that Operational Costs and Capital Structure have a significant effect on Corporate Income Tax Expenses in Mining Sub Sector Companies based on the results of simultaneous hypothesis testing, namely Fcount > Ftable with a value of 64.274 > 3.29 and a significant value < 0.05, namely by value 0.000 < 0.05.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Capital Structure
  topic: keywords
subject: Operational Cost
  topic: keywords
subject: Corporate Income Tax Payable
  topic: keywords
creator: Yonson Pane
creator: Deliyanti Simbolon
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Outline Journal of Economic Studies
date: 2025-07-18
publication date: 2025-07-18
starting page: 146
ending page: 155
doi: 10.61730/mxj04k33

Effectiveness of Using Economic Analysis in Managing Digital Marketing Campaigns: A Study in the Service Industry
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of using economic analysis in managing digital marketing campaigns in the service industry. A quantitative approach was used with a descriptive-verification design, and data were collected through questionnaires and documentation from 45 service companies in Medan. The main variables studied included Return on Marketing Investment (ROMI), Customer Lifetime Value (CLV), and customer acquisition costs. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that all three variables significantly influenced the effectiveness of digital campaigns. ROMI had the most dominant influence (estimate = 0.482), followed by CLV (estimate = 0.365), while acquisition costs showed a negative influence (estimate = -0.213). The coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.617 indicates that more than 60% of the variation in campaign effectiveness can be explained by this model. This study proves that integrating economic analysis into digital marketing strategies can improve budget efficiency, segmentation accuracy, and promotional success. These findings provide strategic implications for service industry players to utilize analytical data and economic metrics in designing digital campaigns that are sustainable, measurable, and oriented towards long-term customer value.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: CLV
  topic: keywords
subject: ROMI
  topic: keywords
subject: Service industry
  topic: keywords
subject: Acquisition costs
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital campaigns
  topic: keywords
creator: Aryani Sairun
creator: Sugito
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Outline Journal of Economic Studies
date: 2025-07-18
publication date: 2025-07-18
starting page: 138
ending page: 145
doi: 10.61730/wsyrw583

Financial Report Analysis in Predicting Bankruptcy Using the Springate Method (S-Score) in Mining Companies Listed on the IDX
type: item
description: The research analysis aims to determine how financial report analysis predicts bankruptcy using the Springate (S-Score) method in Mining companies listed on the IDX. The research method is quantitative descriptive research. The sample in this study was 11 Mining companies listed on the IDX in 2019-2023. Primary data collection using a questionnaire. The results of the study show that in 2019 Mining companies listed on the IDX did not experience bankruptcy. In 2020 the ANTM company went bankrupt by -191,027. In 2021 the PKPK company went bankrupt by -121,165, the ANTM company by -11,771, the CITA company by -53,287, the CKRA company by -254,414 and the MITI company by 0.547. In 2022, the PKPK company went bankrupt by -171,674, the SMMT company by -69,469, the ANTM company by 0.160, the CITA company by -254,414, the CKRA company by -96,895 and the MITI company by -301,884. In 2023, the PKPK company went bankrupt by -36,371, the SMMT company by -29,491 and the CKRA company by -182,653.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bankruptcy
  topic: keywords
subject: The Springate Method
  topic: keywords
subject: S-Score
  topic: keywords
creator: Rifky Aimanda Siregar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Outline Journal of Economic Studies
date: 2025-07-18
publication date: 2025-07-18
starting page: 131
ending page: 137
doi: 10.61730/gmqkhr77

The Effect of Life Expectancy, Open Unemployment Rate, and Government Spending in The Education Sector on The Human Development Index in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the effect of Life Expectancy Rate (AHH), Open Unemployment Rate (TPT), and Government Expenditure in the Education sector on Human Development Index (HDI) in North Sumatra Province in the period 2010-2024. This research uses a quantitative approach with a literature study method. The data used is secondary time series data obtained from the publication of Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression with the help of E-Views 10 software. Tests were carried out through the classical assumption test, the coefficient of determination test, the simultaneous F test, and the partial t test. The results showed that simultaneously the three independent variables had a significant effect on HDI. Partially, AHH and government spending in the education sector have a positive and significant effect on HDI, while TPT has a negative and significant effect. The Adjusted R-squared value of 0.985 indicates that the model is able to explain 98.5% of the variation in HDI. This finding confirms that improving the quality of health, reducing unemployment, and investing in the education sector are important factors in supporting sustainable human development in North Sumatra Province.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: HDI
  topic: keywords
subject: Life expectancy
  topic: keywords
subject: Government spending
  topic: keywords
subject: Education sector
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Alhasymi Matondang Hasymi
creator: Muhammad Abdi
creator: Fahmi Apriyansyah Siregar
creator: Runggu Sihombing
creator: Jonathan Brando Saragi
creator: Nadia Enjel Lina Silalahi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Outline Journal of Economic Studies
date: 2025-06-23
publication date: 2025-06-23
starting page: 124
ending page: 130
doi: 10.61730/gceqet48

The Impact of Digitalization of Payment Systems on Inflation Stability in Indonesia
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the impact of payment system digitization on inflation stability in Indonesia during the period 2015 - 2024 using a qualitative approach. The main focus of this research is to examine how digital transformation in the payment system, especially through the use of e-money, QRIS, debit cards, and credit cards can contribute to changes in transaction patterns in society and its implications for the inflation rate. Digital transformation in the national payment system, such as the increasing use of QRIS, e-money, and other non-cash payment methods has changed people's transaction behavior and strengthened the effectiveness of inflation control policies. Digitalization accelerates transaction efficiency, lowers the amount of distribution costs, and expands financial inclusion. It also collectively contributes to price stability. However, there are challenges such as digital infrastructure gaps and financial literacy that still need to be improved, so that the benefits of digitalization can be used by many people as users. The results of this study confirm that the digitization of payment systems is a strategic instrument in maintaining Indonesia's macroeconomic stability, as long as there is synergistic policy support and continuous education.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Payment System
  topic: keywords
subject: Digitalization
  topic: keywords
subject: Inflation
  topic: keywords
subject: Financial Inclusion
  topic: keywords
creator: Shintami Oktavia
creator: Loranty Folia Simanjuntak
creator: Muhammad Alhasymi Matondang
creator: Richna Handriyani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Outline Journal of Economic Studies
date: 2025-06-21
publication date: 2025-06-21
starting page: 117
ending page: 123
doi: 10.61730/s8fkj958

Multiple Correlation Analysis of the Number of E-Commerce Entrepreneurs, Digital Literacy, and GDP per Capita on E-Commerce Transaction Value in Indonesia in 2020–2023
type: item
description: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between the number of e-commerce entrepreneurs, digital literacy level, and GDP per capita on the e-commerce transaction value in Indonesia from 2020 to 2023. The approach used in this research is multiple correlation analysis, using secondary data obtained from BPS, the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, and the Indonesian E-Commerce Association (idEA). The findings of this study indicate that all three independent variables have a very strong relationship with the e-commerce transaction value, evidenced by an R² value of 1.000 which shows that 100% of the variance in transaction value can be explained by the combination of these three variables. In separate analysis, GDP per capita has the most significant impact (97.5%), followed by digital literacy (93.1%), and the number of e-commerce entrepreneurs (80.9%). This result indicates that the development of the digital economy in Indonesia is greatly influenced by the purchasing power of the community, understanding of digital technology, and the presence of online business actors.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Multiple Correlation
  topic: keywords
subject: E-Commerce
  topic: keywords
subject: Digitalization
  topic: keywords
subject: GDP
  topic: keywords
creator: Loranty Folia Simanjuntak
creator: Shintami Oktavia
creator: Anggi Pratiwi Sitorus
creator: Muhammad Alhasymi Matondang
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Outline Journal of Economic Studies
date: 2025-06-21
publication date: 2025-06-21
starting page: 108
ending page: 116
doi: 10.61730/yp6f4c72

Economic Growth and Income Inequality in Indonesia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Two Decades of Research
type: item
description: The relationship between economic growth and income inequality is a central policy challenge in Indonesia. This article presents a systematic review and qualitative meta-analysis of 21 empirical studies (2007-2025) examining this nexus at national and sub-national levels. The analysis reveals a lack of consensus on the direction of causality, with different studies supporting conflicting or insignificant relationships. Similarly, the validity of the Kuznets Curve hypothesis is found to be context-dependent, holding true in some provinces but not others. The review also identifies crucial mediating factors, including financial inclusion, education, and governance, which significantly influence the growth-inequality dynamic. Overall, the findings underscore the complexity of this relationship, calling for a policy shift away from a purely growth-centric paradigm towards more inclusive and regionally-tailored development strategies to ensure equitable outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Economic Growth
  topic: keywords
subject: Income Inequality
  topic: keywords
subject: Causality
  topic: keywords
subject: Kuznets Hypothesis
  topic: keywords
subject: Indonesia
  topic: keywords
creator: Evi Syuriani Harahap
creator: Imamul Khaira
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Outline Journal of Economic Studies
date: 2025-06-17
publication date: 2025-06-17
starting page: 98
ending page: 107
doi: 10.61730/ax9kt271

The Role of Digital Transformation, Human Resources, and Marketing on Economic Growth in the Digital Industrial Era: A Bibliometric Analysis in Indonesia Over 1 Decade
type: item
description: This study analyzes the role of digital transformation, human resource (HR) management, and marketing strategies in driving Indonesia’s economic growth in the digital industrial era using a bibliometric approach. Adopting the PRISMA method, 198 indexed articles (2016–2025) were systematically selected. Data were analyzed via VOSviewer to map publication trends, keyword linkages, and key contributors. Results reveal a significant surge in publications (peaking at 50 articles in 2023), with three dominant clusters: (1) synergy between HR and organizational strategy, (2) digital marketing as a catalyst for business transformation, and (3) technological infrastructure as an enabler. Universitas Pamulang and marketing-focused journals emerged as top contributors. The study concludes that digital transformation, HR, and marketing are intrinsically interconnected in accelerating Indonesia’s economic growth, necessitating holistic policy integration for optimal impact.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital Transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Resources (HR)
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Marketing
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic Growth
  topic: keywords
creator: Ulumiddin
creator: Donny Melianto
creator: Kurnadi
creator: Siti Mujanah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Outline Journal of Economic Studies
date: 2025-06-17
publication date: 2025-06-17
starting page: 89
ending page: 97
doi: 10.61730/cpryk885

Analysis of Marketing Management Strategy and Economic Factors on MSME Sales Growth: Multiple Regression Analysis
type: item
description: This study aims to examine the influence of marketing management strategies and economic factors on the sales growth of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia using multiple regression analysis. The variables analyzed include product strategy, pricing, promotion, distribution, inflation, interest rates, and per capita income. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis involving selected MSME owners and relevant secondary sources. The results reveal that all variables have a significant impact on sales growth, with per capita income and promotional strategies showing the strongest influence. The analysis also indicates that internal business strategies, when aligned with favorable macroeconomic conditions, contribute to consistent sales increases. Additionally, the adoption of digital marketing tools and improved access to financial resources have strengthened MSMEs' competitiveness in the marketplace. The study underscores the importance of a holistic approach that integrates both marketing strategies and economic trend monitoring for sustainable MSME growth. These findings offer practical implications for policymakers and business owners in designing strategies that support MSME development in dynamic economic environments. Further research is recommended to include a broader sample and explore sector-specific trends for deeper insights.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: MSMEs, Marketing Strategy, Economic Factors, Sales Growth, Multiple Regression, Digital Marketing,
  topic: keywords
creator: Amril
creator: Muammar Rinaldi
creator: Richna Handriyani
creator: Rifqah Harahap
creator: Hilma Harmen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Outline Journal of Economic Studies
date: 2025-06-13
publication date: 2025-06-13
starting page: 81
ending page: 88
doi: 10.61730/b7979z82

Contribution of Demographic Bonus and HDI to Regional Economic Growth: North Sumatra Perspective
type: item
description: In Indonesia, economic growth can be encouraged through the demographic bonus. Therefore, this research aims to explore the influence of the demographic bonus (labor force and human development index) on the economic growth of North Sumatra. The research method used is quantitative research. The data used in this research is secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency of North Sumatra Province 2001-2021. Data testing in this study was carried out using eviews-10.The research results show: 1) In the short term, the Labor Force variable has a negative and insignificant relationship with the rate of economic growth in North Sumatra Province in 2001-2021. 2) In the long term, the labor force variable has a positive and insignificant effect on the rate of economic growth in North Sumatra Province in 2001-2021. 3) In the short term, the HDI variable has a negative and insignificant relationship with the rate of economic growth in North Sumatra Province in 2001-2021. 40 In the long term, the HDI variable has a positive and insignificant effect on the rate of economic growth in North Sumatra Province in 2001-2021.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Demographic Bonus
  topic: keywords
subject: Labor Force
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Index
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic Growth
  topic: keywords
creator: Bambang Sutejo
creator: Henny Purnawa Dewi
creator: Andi
creator: Muhammad Yusuf
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Outline Journal of Economic Studies
date: 2025-06-12
publication date: 2025-06-12
starting page: 66
ending page: 80
doi: 10.61730/tcvgkp21

The Role of MSMEs In Reducing Unemployment Rate: Case Study in Langkat District
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the role of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in reducing the unemployment rate in Langkat Regency. MSMEs have long been considered a sector that is able to absorb a large number of workers, especially in areas with minimal large-scale industrial investment. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method of 100 MSME actors in 10 sub-districts. The variables studied include the number of MSMEs, government support, access to capital, and unemployment rates. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression, validity tests, reliability tests, and classical assumption tests. The results of the study indicate that the number of MSMEs has a significant and negative effect on the unemployment rate, meaning that an increase in the number of MSMEs can reduce unemployment in Langkat Regency. Meanwhile, the variables of government support and access to capital do not have a significant effect. These findings indicate the need for strengthening more targeted policies in supporting MSMEs, either through financing, training, or regulations that facilitate the growth of small businesses. Thus, MSMEs have proven to have great potential as a strategic solution in overcoming unemployment at the local level.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: UMKM
  topic: keywords
subject: Unemployment
  topic: keywords
subject: Langkat
  topic: keywords
creator: Hilma Harmen
creator: Aprilda Yanti
creator: Arisman Parhusip
creator: Sienny
creator: Amril
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Outline Journal of Economic Studies
date: 2025-06-12
publication date: 2025-06-12
starting page: 58
ending page: 65
doi: 10.61730/pfzhg060

Analisis Faktor – Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka di Provinsi Jawa Barat
type: item
description: <pre id="tw-target-text" class="tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta" dir="ltr" data-placeholder="Terjemahan" data-ved="2ahUKEwjn5Ju5k4KMAxWUUGwGHdWLAaQQ3ewLegQICBAV" aria-label="Teks terjemahan: Pengangguran merupakan masalah yang bersifat makro. Angka pengangguran yang tinggi dapat menimbulkan beberapa masalah dalam suatu negara, seperti kemiskinan dan beberapa dampak lainnya. Sehingga dilakukan penelitian untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi angka pengangguran terbuka di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel upah minimum regional, inflasi dan pendidikan terhadap angka pengangguran terbuka di Provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2009 – 2024. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) tidak terdapat pengaruh upah minimum regional terhadap angka pengangguran terbuka, (2) terdapat pengaruh negatif inflasi terhadap angka pengangguran terbuka, (3) tidak terdapat pengaruh pendidikan terhadap angka pengangguran terbuka. (4) secara simultan terdapat pengaruh upah minimum regional, inflasi dan pendidikan terhadap angka pengangguran terbuka.">Pengangguran merupakan masalah yang bersifat makro. Angka pengangguran yang tinggi dapat menimbulkan beberapa masalah dalam suatu negara, seperti kemiskinan dan beberapa dampak lainnya. Sehingga dilakukan penelitian untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi angka pengangguran terbuka di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel upah minimum regional, inflasi dan pendidikan terhadap angka pengangguran terbuka di Provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2009 – 2024. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat pengaru…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka
  topic: keywords
subject: Upah Minimum Regional
  topic: keywords
subject: Inflasi
  topic: keywords
subject: Pendidikan
  topic: keywords
subject: Jawa Barat
  topic: keywords
creator: Annisa Handayani
creator: Joko Suharianto
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Outline Journal of Economic Studies
date: 2025-03-20
publication date: 2025-03-20
starting page: 60
ending page: 69
doi: 10.61730/va0bps88

Analysis of Determining the Leading Sectors of the Regional Economy of Labuhan Batu Regency: LQ and Shift Share Approach
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze economic growth in Labuhan Batu Regency using the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GDP) as the main indicator. The methods used include Location Quotient (LQ) analysis to identify base and non-base sectors, as well as Shift Share analysis to evaluate the economic growth components of each sector between 2019 and 2023. The results of the analysis show that the Processing and Construction Industry sector is a base sector with an LQ value above one, while other sectors are classified as non-base, which shows the potential for competitiveness that has not been utilized. The secondary data used shows that the GDP of Labuhan Batu Regency is still small compared to the total GDP of North Sumatra Province, indicating the need for a more effective development strategy to increase regional economic growth.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Leading Sector
  topic: keywords
subject: Location Quotient
  topic: keywords
subject: Shift Share
  topic: keywords
subject: Labuhan Batu Regency
  topic: keywords
creator: Penus Leonard Roningsih Sinurat
creator: Vivi Safira
creator: Melvany Agustini Sinurat
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Outline Journal of Economic Studies
date: 2025-03-09
publication date: 2025-03-09
starting page: 42
ending page: 53
doi: 10.61730/q8jvv015

Analysis of Leading Sectors in Central Tapanuli Regency Using Shift Share and Location Quotient Methods
type: item
description: In the current era of regional autonomy, regional development will become more difficult. Central Tapanuli Regency, as one of the regions located in North Sumatra Province, has various economic sectors that support regional growth. The diversity of economic sectors in this Regency plays an important role in encouraging regional economic growth and community welfare. However, determining the leading sectors is often a challenge for regional governments in formulating economic development policies. In recent years, the Shift Share and Location Quotient methods have been widely used in various studies to analyse regional economic performance. In the Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ) analysis, the Mining and Quarrying sector, as well as several service sectors such as Government Administration, show good prospects.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Leading Sectors
  topic: keywords
subject: Shift Share
  topic: keywords
subject: Tapanuli Tengah
  topic: keywords
subject: Location Quotient
  topic: keywords
creator: Elsa Aurel Situmorang
creator: Melody Sitorus
creator: Novita Sari br Kaban
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Outline Journal of Economic Studies
date: 2025-03-09
publication date: 2025-03-09
starting page: 31
ending page: 41
doi: 10.61730/q2k56j77

Analysis of the competitiveness of the agricultural sector to the leading sector in Tebing Tinggi City
type: item
description: This research analyzes the competitiveness of the agricultural sector in Tebing Tinggi City compared to other leading sectors using the Location Quotient (LQ) and Shift Share Analysis methods. The main focus is how the agricultural sector contributes to regional economic growth and its competitiveness compared to other sectors. The main finding is that the Basic Sector (LQ > 1) is several of Tebing Tinggi's leading sectors including educational services, government administration, construction, as well as investment and food and drink. These sectors show export potential and are the main drivers of the economy. Non-Basic Sector (LQ < 1) The agricultural sector has a low LQ (0.048), indicating that its contribution to the Tebing Tinggi economy is relatively small compared to the national level. Shift Share Analysis: The education, real estate and financial services sectors have faster growth than the national average, while agriculture shows slower growth. The agricultural sector in Tebing Tinggi City has not yet become the dominant sector in the economic structure, even though its potential is large. Strengthening technology, commodity diversification and increasing international market access are needed to increase the competitiveness of this sector.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Agricultural Sector
  topic: keywords
subject: Leading Sector
  topic: keywords
subject: Tebing Tinggi City
  topic: keywords
creator: Renata Olivia Ginting
creator: Meuthia Fahrani
creator: Eva Juli Yanti Situmorang
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Outline Journal of Economic Studies
date: 2025-03-09
publication date: 2025-03-09
starting page: 20
ending page: 30
doi: 10.61730/s754sg12

Analysis Analysis of Leading Sectors in Binjai City Using the Location Quotient (LQ) And Shift Share Method
type: item
description: This article analyzes the leading sectors of Binjai City using the Location Quotient (LQ) method based on Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) data from 2019 to 2023. Secondary data was collected from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) using a quantitative approach. The results of the analysis show that sectors with an LQ value above 1 have the potential to become the basis of the economy, especially the Mining and Quarrying sector which will reach an LQ of 2.45 in 2023. A focus on development on leading sectors such as Mining, Education Services and Accommodation Provision is needed to encourage sustainable economic growth . The analysis also indicates a positive contribution from specialized sectors with a stable National Growth Component (KPN) value of 0.31, where the agriculture, forestry, fisheries and wholesale and retail trade sectors show significant growth.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Leading Sector
  topic: keywords
subject: Location Quotient (LQ)
  topic: keywords
subject: Shift Share
  topic: keywords
creator: Rowinna Siburian
creator: Angela Anggraini
creator: Muammar Rinaldi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Outline Journal of Economic Studies
date: 2025-03-09
publication date: 2025-03-09
starting page: 11
ending page: 19
doi: 10.61730/8n6b6a32

MSME Company Performance Model: The Role of Financial Resources and Entrepreneurial Orientation
type: item
description: In an increasingly competitive business world, the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is an important indicator of a country's economic sector. This study explores the performance model of SMEs by assessing the crucial role of financial resources and entrepreneurial orientation in influencing two key dimensions of performance: profitability and sales growth. The results show that both financial resources and entrepreneurial orientation have significant and positive impacts on SME profitability and sales growth. This finding underscores the importance of adequate access to capital and innovative entrepreneurial orientation in improving business performance. Interestingly, the interaction between financial resources and entrepreneurial orientation shows a positive effect, but is not statistically significant, indicating that the combined impact of these two factors can be influenced by the specific context of SMEs. This study offers new insights for practitioners and policymakers in designing strategies and policies that support SMEs. By understanding how capital and entrepreneurial orientation contribute to business performance, it is hoped that more effective approaches can be developed to facilitate the growth and sustainability of SMEs in Indonesia.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: UKM
  topic: keywords
subject: Sumberdaya Keuangan
  topic: keywords
subject: Orientasi Kewirausahaan
  topic: keywords
subject: Kinerja Usaha
  topic: keywords
subject: Profitabilitas
  topic: keywords
creator: MUSTAFA
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Outline Journal of Economic Studies
date: 2024-09-30
publication date: 2024-09-30
starting page: 116
ending page: 125
doi: 10.61730/ojes.v3i2.234

Analysis Of The Influence Of GRDP, Work Force And Total Population On Poverty Of North Sumatra Province, 2001-2020
type: item
description: The Poverty is a condition that has not been and has never been resolved on this earth. People who are still in poverty are still found in various countries, even in developed countries even though the phenomenon of poverty is a serious enough problem. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDPHB), Workforce, Population on Poverty in North Sumatra Province. The analysis used in this study is a multiple linear regression model, with secondary data for 2001-2020 obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) of North Sumatra. The results obtained from this study are: GRDP has a negative and significant effect on poverty in North Sumatra Province; Workforce has a positive and significant effect on poverty in North Sumatra Province; Total population has a positive and significant effect on poverty in North Sumatra Province. GRDP, Work Force, Total Population simultaneously have a significant effect on poverty in North Sumatra Province with a coefficient of determination of 92.62 percent. The most dominant variable influencing the poverty of North Sumatra Province is population size. Keywords : Poverty, Gross Regional Domestic Product, Labor Force, Total Population
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Poverty
  topic: keywords
subject: Gross Regional Domestic
  topic: keywords
subject: Product
  topic: keywords
subject: Labor Force
  topic: keywords
subject: Total Population
  topic: keywords
creator: Pastriono Malau
creator: Rohana Panjaitan
creator: Nathalin Tambunan
creator: Riniati Simanihuruk
creator: Indra Maipita
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Outline Journal of Economic Studies
date: 2025-03-09
publication date: 2025-03-09
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.61730/y2qmf878

The Effect of Investment, Poor Resident, and International Tourists on Gross Regional Domestic Product In North Sumatera in 2001-2020
type: item
description: This study aims to determine the effect of the investment sector, poor people, and foreign tourists on economic growth in North Sumatra. This research uses descriptive quantitative research methods. The data used in this study are secondary data and time series data for 2001-2020. The results in this study indicate that investment has a positive and significant effect on GRDP in North Sumatra, the poor have a negative and significant effect on GRDP in North Sumatra, foreign tourists have a positive and significant effect on GRDP in North Sumatra.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Investment, Poor Resident, Internatinal Tourist, Economic Growth.
  topic: keywords
creator: Anggi Kartika
creator: Trisna Saputri
creator: Reynalda Utari Karo-Karo
creator: Romagiano Machario Sembiring
creator: Muammar Rinaldi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Outline Journal of Economic Studies
date: 2024-09-07
publication date: 2024-09-07
starting page: 74
ending page: 79
doi: 10.61730/ojes.v3i2.96

The Effect of Population Growth and Income Inequality on Poverty: Indonesian Case Study in the Development Context
type: item
description: This research aims to determine the relationship between population growth, income inequality and poverty in Indonesia. The research method used is a quantitative approach with panel data regression analysis. This data was obtained through the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and processed using the EViews 12 application. The results of the analysis show that population growth has a significant negative influence on poverty, with a coefficient of -0.195 and a prob of 0.04). On the other hand, income inequality shows a significant positive effect on poverty with a coefficient of 18.558 and a probability of 0.001. Simultaneous hypothesis testing shows that the overall regression model is significant, with an F-statistic value of 11.879 (p = 0.000015). However, only 12.4% of the variation in poverty levels can be explained by population growth and income inequality, while 87.6% is explained by other factors not included in this study.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Population Growth
  topic: keywords
subject: Income Inequality
  topic: keywords
subject: Poverty
  topic: keywords
creator: Rowinna Siburian
creator: Angela Anggraini
creator: Kioko Tamba
creator: Anju Christina
creator: Adi Susanto Hasibuan
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Outline Journal of Economic Studies
date: 2024-09-07
publication date: 2024-09-07
starting page: 89
ending page: 100
doi: 10.61730/ojes.v3i2.216

The Relationship between HR Quality and Unemployment and Its Effect on Poverty Levels in North Sumatra 2005-2020
type: item
description: This research discusses the relationship between HR quality and unemployment and its influence on poverty levels in North Sumatra 2005-2020. This research was conducted using secondary data and then managed using multiple linear regression tests and classic assumption tests (including normality tests, autocorrelation tests, heteroscedasticity tests, and multicollinearity tests). This research was obtained from the 2005-2020 time series data. The results obtained from the results of this study showed that unemployment has a positive and significant effect on the poverty rate in North Sumatra
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Poverty
  topic: keywords
subject: unemployment
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Resources
  topic: keywords
creator: Venesia Napitupulu
creator: Lola Alvita Hasugian
creator: Wizya Vita Ananda
creator: Maulinda Safitri
creator: Muammar Rinaldi
creator: Adek Apriyandi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Outline Journal of Economic Studies
date: 2024-03-31
publication date: 2024-03-31
starting page: 44
ending page: 52
doi: 10.61730/ojes.v3i1.94

Analysis of Factors Affecting Poverty in North Sumatra
type: item
description: Poverty is a limitation of economic conditions to meet the average standard of living of people in an area. This tariff condition is marked by the low ability of income to meet basic needs in the form of food, clothing, and shelter, because not all economic sectors can become the basis of the sector, resulting in low income distribution, and also because of the low quality of human life and income levels. response is still high. This study uses a research method with a quantitative approach. The data used in this study are secondary data and Time Series data for 2005 - 2022. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the Open Unemployment Rate, Human Development Index, and Gross Regional Domestic Product on the basis of salary prices, Index on the Number of Poor Population in the Province Sumatra. North. The analysis technique in this study uses Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The results in this study indicate that the variable Open Unemployment Rate has a positive and significant effect on the Number of Poor People, the Human Development Index, and the Gross Regional Domestic Product on the Basis of Use, the Index has a negative and significant effect on the Number of Poor People
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Open Unemployment Rate, Human Development Index, Gross Domestic Product Current Prices, Poor Residents.
  topic: keywords
creator: Putri Waruwu
creator: Annisa Mardiah Sitorus
creator: Winda Sartika Lumban Tobing
creator: Samuel Sianturi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Outline Journal of Economic Studies
date: 2024-03-31
publication date: 2024-03-31
starting page: 36
ending page: 43
doi: 10.61730/ojes.v3i1.90

The Effect of Economic Growth, Open Unemployment Rate And Human Development Index on Poverty on North Sumatera
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the effect of economic growth, open unemployment rate and human development index on poverty in North Sumatra in 2015-2022. The data used in this study were sourced from the Central Statistics Agency for North Sumatra Province and were cross section or time series data. The model used in this study was a multiple linear regression model by testing autocorrelation, multicollinearity, normality, heteroscedasticity, F test, T test and test the coefficient of determination (R2). The estimation results show that the Economic Growth Rate Variable (LPE) has a positive and insignificant effect on Poverty, which means that if Economic Growth (LPE) increases it will increase Poverty in North Sumatra Province. The Human Development Index (IPM) variable has a negative and significant effect on poverty, which means that if the Human Development Index (IPM) increases, poverty will decrease in North Sumatra Province. The Variable Open Unemployment Rate (TPT) has a positive and insignificant effect on Poverty, which means that if the Open Unemployment Rate (TPT) increases it will increase Poverty in North Sumatra Province.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Economic Growth Unemployment Human Depelopment Index Poverty
  topic: keywords
creator: Hwan Daniel
creator: Nico William Tonggo Purba
creator: Novia Simamora
creator: Mela Novita Rizki
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Outline Journal of Economic Studies
date: 2024-03-31
publication date: 2024-03-31
starting page: 28
ending page: 35
doi: 10.61730/ojes.v3i1.71